- 𝗔𝗡𝗚 𝗔𝗣𝗔𝗧 𝗡𝗔 𝗟𝗨𝗚𝗔𝗥 𝗦𝗔 𝗜𝗠𝗣𝗜𝗘𝗥𝗡𝗢 - 𝗔𝗽𝗼𝗰𝗿𝘆𝗽𝗵𝗮𝗹 𝗔𝗸𝗹𝗮𝘁 𝗻𝗶 𝗘𝗻𝗼𝗰𝗵

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑠𝑎 𝑖𝑏𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑛𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑢𝑢𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑦 𝑘𝑎𝑦 𝐸𝑛𝑜𝑐, 𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝐴𝑘𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑛𝑖 𝐸𝑛𝑜𝑐 (𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑤).
𝐽𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢𝑎 1:1 𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑎𝑘𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑎 𝐴𝑙𝑒𝑝𝑝𝑜 𝐶𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑥
𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑘ℎ (𝐻𝑢𝑑𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑜)
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑎ℎ (𝑃𝑎𝑔𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑜)
𝑁𝑒𝑣𝑖'𝑖𝑚 (𝑀𝑔𝑎 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑎)
𝐾𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑣𝑖𝑚 (𝑀𝑔𝑎 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡)
𝐿𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑇𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑛 (𝐾𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑜)
𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑐ℎ
𝑀𝑎𝑘𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑦𝑠𝑎𝑦𝑎𝑛
𝐾𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑛𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛
𝑀𝑎𝑘𝑎ℎ𝑢𝑙𝑎
𝐷𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑇𝑜𝑏𝑖𝑡𝐽𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑡ℎ𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝐸𝑠𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟1 𝑀𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑠2 𝑀𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑠𝑊𝑖𝑠𝑑𝑜𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑆𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑐ℎ𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑐ℎ / 𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑛𝑖 𝐽𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑎ℎ𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝐷𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑒𝑙
𝑂𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑥 𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑔
1 𝐸𝑠𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑠2 𝐸𝑠𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑖 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑚 1513 𝑀𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑠4 𝑀𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑠𝑂𝑑𝑒𝑠
𝑂𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑥 𝑇𝑒𝑤𝑎ℎ𝑒𝑑𝑜
1 𝐸𝑛𝑜𝑐ℎ𝐽𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑒𝑠1, 2, 𝑎𝑡 3 𝑀𝑒𝑞𝑎𝑏𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑔 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑐ℎ𝐵𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑛
𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑔 𝐵𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑦𝑎
𝑣𝑡𝑒
𝐴𝑛𝑔 𝐴𝑘𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑛𝑖 𝐸𝑛𝑜𝑐ℎ (𝑑𝑖𝑛 1 𝐸𝑛𝑜𝑐ℎ;[𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑎𝑛 1] 𝐺𝑒'𝑒𝑧: መጽሐፈ ሄኖክ, 𝑚𝑎𝑠̣ℎ̣𝑎𝑓𝑎 ℎ𝑒̄𝑛𝑜𝑘) 𝑎𝑦 𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝐻𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑛𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑖ℎ𝑖𝑦𝑜𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑒𝑘𝑠𝑡𝑜, 𝑛𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑢𝑢𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑦 𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑦𝑜𝑛 𝑘𝑎𝑦 𝐸𝑛𝑜𝑐, 𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑠𝑎 𝑡𝑢ℎ𝑜𝑑 𝑛𝑖 𝑁𝑜𝑒.[1][2] 𝑁𝑎𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑖 𝐸𝑛𝑜𝑐 𝑛𝑔 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑘𝑜𝑙 𝑠𝑎 𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑔𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑛 𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑦𝑜 𝑎𝑡 𝑁𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑚, 𝑘𝑢𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑡 𝑛𝑎ℎ𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡, 𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑔 𝑘𝑢𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑡 𝑘𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑎 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑎 𝑠𝑎 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠, 𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑎ℎ𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑙𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑑 𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑔-𝑡𝑎𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑎𝑔ℎ𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖 𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑦𝑎𝑠.

𝐴𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑘𝑠𝑦𝑜𝑛 (𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑎ℎ𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑎 𝐴𝑘𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝑇𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑑) 𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑒𝑘𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑦 𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑦𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑎 𝑚𝑔𝑎 300–200 𝐵𝐶, 𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑘𝑎ℎ𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑖 (𝐴𝑘𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝑇𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑎) 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑎ℎ𝑖𝑙 ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑔 100 𝐵𝐶.[3]

𝐴𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑏𝑎'𝑡 𝑖𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑛𝑔 𝐴𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑐 𝑛𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑝𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑎 𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑆𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑠, 𝑔𝑎𝑦𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑛𝑔 𝐾𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑘 𝑎𝑡 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛, 𝑎𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑦 𝑛𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝐴𝑘𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑛𝑖 𝐸𝑛𝑜𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑦 𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑙𝑎 𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝐻𝑢𝑑𝑦𝑜 𝑎𝑡 𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑖 𝑛𝑔 𝑁𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝐸𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛 𝐶ℎ𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠. 𝐴𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑘𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑛𝑎 𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑝𝑖 𝑑𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑦-𝑎𝑘𝑑𝑎 𝑠𝑎 𝑖𝑘𝑎-1 𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑘𝑎-2 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑 𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑎 𝑀𝑔𝑎 𝑇𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑟𝑐ℎ. 𝐴𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑦-𝑎𝑘𝑑𝑎 𝑛𝑔 𝐵𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑇𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑦𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑎 𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑛𝑔 𝑘𝑢𝑤𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜.[4] 𝐴𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑘𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑖 𝑛𝑔 1 𝐸𝑛𝑜𝑐 (1:9) 𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑠𝑎 𝐵𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑇𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑛𝑎 𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑛𝑖 𝐽𝑢𝑑𝑎𝑠, 𝐽𝑢𝑑𝑎𝑠 1:14–15, 𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑢𝑢𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑦 𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑛 𝑘𝑎𝑦 "𝐸𝑛𝑜𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝐼𝑘𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑘𝑎𝑦 𝐴𝑑𝑎𝑛" (1 𝐸𝑛𝑜𝑐ℎ 60:8), 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑎'𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑘𝑠𝑦𝑜𝑛 𝑛𝑔 1 𝐸𝑛𝑜𝑐 𝑎𝑦 𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑠ℎ 𝑠𝑎 𝐷𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑜 33:2. 𝐼𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑘𝑜𝑝𝑦𝑎 𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝑛𝑎𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑖 𝑛𝑔 1 𝐸𝑛𝑜𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑛𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖 𝑠𝑎 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑆𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑠.[2]

𝐼𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑦 ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖 𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑖 𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑘𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑛 𝑛𝑎 𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝐻𝑢𝑑𝑦𝑜, 𝑏𝑢𝑘𝑜𝑑 𝑠𝑎 𝐵𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝐼𝑠𝑟𝑎𝑒𝑙 (𝐸𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝐽𝑒𝑤𝑠). 𝐵𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑎'𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑛𝑔 𝐸𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑂𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑥 𝑇𝑒𝑤𝑎ℎ𝑒𝑑𝑜 𝐶ℎ𝑢𝑟𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑡 𝐸𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑂𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑥 𝑇𝑒𝑤𝑎ℎ𝑒𝑑𝑜 𝐶ℎ𝑢𝑟𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝐴𝑘𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑛𝑖 𝐸𝑛𝑜𝑐ℎ 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑘𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑘𝑎𝑙, 𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝐾𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑜 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔 ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖 𝑘𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑘𝑎𝑙 𝑜 ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜, 𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑔𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔 ℎ𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑘𝑎𝑙 𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑙𝑜ℎ𝑖𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠.

𝑁𝑔𝑎𝑦𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑦 𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑝 𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑎𝑏𝑢𝑏𝑢ℎ𝑎𝑦 𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑎 𝑤𝑖𝑘𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝐸𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑒'𝑒𝑧, 𝑛𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝑛𝑎𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝐴𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑐 𝑛𝑎 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑎 𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑆𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑛𝑔 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑘 𝑎𝑡 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛. 𝐷𝑎ℎ𝑖𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑎 𝑖𝑏𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝑘𝑎𝑑𝑎ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛, 𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑦𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑎 𝑛𝑔 𝐸𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑟𝑖ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑎 𝑤𝑖𝑘𝑎 𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑘𝑑𝑎 𝑎𝑦 𝐺𝑒'𝑒𝑧, 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑦 𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛 𝑛𝑎 𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑦 𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑎 𝐴𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑐 𝑜 𝐻𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑤, 𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝑤𝑖𝑘𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑠𝑎 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑘𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝐽𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑜; 𝐼𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑘𝑎ℎ𝑖 𝑛𝑖 𝐸𝑝ℎ𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑚 𝐼𝑠𝑎𝑎𝑐 𝑛𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝐴𝑘𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑛𝑖 𝐸𝑛𝑜𝑐ℎ, 𝑡𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑 𝑛𝑔 𝐴𝑘𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑛𝑖 𝐷𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑒𝑙, 𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑏𝑢𝑜 𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑖 𝑠𝑎 𝐴𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑡 𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑎 𝐻𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑤.[5]: 6  𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑦𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝐻𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑛𝑎𝑘𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑡𝑎𝑠. 𝐼𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑖𝑡 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑜 𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑘𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑛𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑎𝑦-𝑎𝑘𝑑𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑦 𝑠𝑖 𝐸𝑛𝑜𝑐ℎ, 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑎 𝑠𝑎 𝐵𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑦𝑎.

𝐴𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑘𝑎𝑘𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝐴𝑘𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑛𝑖 𝐸𝑛𝑜𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑦 𝑛𝑎𝑔𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑎 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑘𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑛𝑔 𝐸𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑐, 𝑚𝑎𝑠̣ℎ̣𝑎𝑓𝑎 ℎ𝑒̄𝑛𝑜𝑘 (መጽሐፈ ሄኖክ), 𝑛𝑎 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑎 𝐺𝑒'𝑒𝑧, 𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑎 𝐸𝑢𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑎 𝑛𝑖 𝐽𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝐵𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑜𝑛𝑔 ℎ𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑖 𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑘𝑎-18 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑙𝑜 𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑎 𝐼𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑘𝑎-19 𝑛𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑙𝑜.